It could be very minimal, as with the case of a JBOD array. The performance hit taken by the system can vary a lot, depending on what type of RAID array you have in use. This is because it needs to process the data before it is written to disk, to determine where each piece of data should go. On the flip side, the cheap software RAID can impair the host computer, which may result in poor performance. The hardware is typically expensive, and adds a substantial amount to the cost of the whole system. Obviously, hardware RAID is pricier compared to software RAID, due to the extra hardware that you need to purchase. Software RAID is a newer type of RAID where no specialized hardware is needed, and the host computer is responsible for the drives. Hardware RAID was the initial type of RAID available, where a specially built RAID controller handles the drives so that the processes are almost transparent to the host computer. Both can also be implemented together, to obtain both benefits, although more drives will be used. The drives are configured, so that the data is either divided between disks to distribute load, or duplicated to ensure that it can be recovered once a disk fails. This is a method of improving the performance and reliability of your storage media by using multiple drives. RAID stands for Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks.
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